2024 A farmer

The average age of a beginning farmer is 46.3, much younger than the average age of all farmers (57.5). Without a doubt, the art and science of producing food attracts people of all ages. If we look for younger farmers, we find 26% of beginning farmers are under the age of 35. The under 35 age group represents only 8% of all U.S. farmers overall.. Simple line icons.woff

Make a one-time payment at farmers.com. Advertisement produced on behalf of the following specific insurers and seeking to obtain business for insurance underwritten by Farmers Insurance Exchange, Fire Insurance Exchange, Truck Insurance Exchange, Mid-Century Insurance Company, Farmers Insurance Company of Washington (Bellevue, WA) or affiliates.Working as a farmer has many potential benefits, including: Ability to work outside: Farmers spend most of their workday outside. They often wake early to feed animals, inspect crops and perform other agricultural duties. Farming can be a great profession for people who enjoy being outside.Sep 28, 2014 · Paying Tribute to “Just a Farmer, Plain & Simple” – This one should make Mike Haley of Haley Farms smile big time as it was a post I put together almost two years ago when Mike shared stories about the kind of person his grandpa was. His grandpa’s passing was a time to reflect on how great the contributions of farmers plain & simple are. Browse 410,055 authentic farmer stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional agriculture or farm stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project.Aug 23, 2019 · Yep, farmers. And the more I thought about it, the more I agreed with him. Here are five ways to approach your career as a farmer would: 1. Prepare the soil. A farmer would never try to grow crops ... New to farming? Want to learn how to start a farm? USDA offers dedicated help to beginning farmers and ranchers. USDA considers anyone who has operated a farm or ranch for less than ten years to be a beginning farmer or rancher.What is a Farmer? A farmer is involved in the cultivation and management of crops and/or livestock for the purpose of producing food, fiber, or other agricultural products. This is often done on a commercial scale, with the goal of selling these products to consumers or other businesses. Synonyms for FARMER: cultivator, agriculturalist, harvester, grower, agriculturist, planter, agronomist, tiller; Antonyms of FARMER: nonfarmer Step 3: Sketch the farmer's hands holding the basket and pitchfork shaft. Drawing step: Sketch the farmer's hands holding the basket and pitchfork shaft. Let’s finish the arms drawn in the previous step with the hands and some farmer props. The arm on the left side will hold a basket of fresh produce. Draw the top of the basket as a flat oval. Browse 410,055 authentic farmer stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional agriculture or farm stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project.A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. [2] The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farm land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others.Farming Quotes. “There are two spiritual dangers in not owning a farm. One is the danger of supposing that breakfast comes from the grocery, and the other that heat comes from the furnace.”. “I do not particularly like the word 'work.'. Human beings are the only animals who have to work, and I think that is the most ridiculous thing in ...A Farmer's Plight is a side quest in Pillars of Eternity. Rumbald in Dyrford Village has recently lost his herd of pigs to an ogre. He asks you to kill it. Go to the cave in the east part of Dyrford Crossing. The ogre Korgrak is very temperamental, and many dialogue options will result in him attacking you. In order to resolve the conflict peacefully, you must ask him why he's living in the ... Oct 25, 2018 · If I was a farmer, I will be famous and admired by many people because of my richness. I will grow and sell crops that most people consume locally. Most of my crops will be for commercial purposes. However, I will grow some crops to feed my family and avoid spending much money on purchasing food every time. My journey of becoming a rich farmer ... Dec 19, 2022 · Working as a farmer has many potential benefits, including: Ability to work outside: Farmers spend most of their workday outside. They often wake early to feed animals, inspect crops and perform other agricultural duties. Farming can be a great profession for people who enjoy being outside. 1. Begin by drawing the farmer's straw hat. Use a curved line to outline the wide brim, and another line within it to form the opening. Use curved lines to enclose a rectangular shape on top of the hat, forming the part called the crown. Draw a line across the crown to indicate the hatband.Jun 27, 2017 · However, the farmers I spoke with said that someone would need at least 500 owned acres and 1,000 leased acres to make a living. The quality of the land certainly affects those numbers. For this article, let's assume 150-plus corn bushel-per-acre land for about $7,500 an acre. Mar 16, 2016 · Lessons from the Farmer. It’s no wonder that Scripture encourages us to look to the farmer as an example. When Paul tells Timothy to be strong in the grace of Christ, he points specifically toward the hard-working farmer ( 2 Timothy 2:6 ). When he exhorts the Galatian churches toward endurance, he speaks of perennial planting and patient ... Find a location near you. Advertisement produced on behalf of the following specific insurers and seeking to obtain business for insurance underwritten by Farmers Insurance Exchange, Fire Insurance Exchange, Truck Insurance Exchange, Mid-Century Insurance Company, Civic Property and Casualty Company, Exact Property and Casualty Company, Neighborhood Spirit Property and Casualty Company ... Farming Quotes. “There are two spiritual dangers in not owning a farm. One is the danger of supposing that breakfast comes from the grocery, and the other that heat comes from the furnace.”. “I do not particularly like the word 'work.'. Human beings are the only animals who have to work, and I think that is the most ridiculous thing in ...Jun 29, 2023 · The most common farmer hard skill is beef cattle. 12.6% of farmers have this skill on their resume. The second most common hard skill for a farmer is farm work appearing on 7.8% of resumes. The third most common farmer skill is farm machinery on 6.3% of resumes. Three common farmer soft skills are analytical skills, mechanical skills and ... The total thus far is $4,810,000. However, we still need operating capital to plant the first crop and survive for the first growing season. To plant, fertilize, and spray 750 acres of beans and 750 acres of corn right now will cost you about $140 an acre for beans and $290 an acre for corn – $322,500 in total.Farmer's prayer poem. As I rise with the dawn, I drink in the morning. I taste the goodness of your creation and smell the crispness of new beginnings. I sense you beside me, my good shepherd watching over me as I care for the farm. I whistle a tune of praise as I go about my work. I feel blessed to walk in the long lived rhythms of sowing ...A farmer is a person who works as an agriculturist and who produces a wide variety of food products for both human and animal consumption. Some farmers raise animals and those who grow crops. A farmer is also a person who loves nature and spends most of their time working on a farm or a ranch. Farmers love to work with animals and love to spend ... Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania, to the inhabitants of the British Colonies. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the pseudonym "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout ... Dec 15, 2018 · In todays episode i show you what an average day on the farm looks like, the camera gets destroyed, cows get fed, and i have fish & chips for lunch, Enjoy!Pu... Apr 8, 2021 · Not every thought needs a voice. 7. Don’t run with a puking kid. 8. When they’re sick, take care of them the way they want to be taken care of, not the way you want to be taken care of. 9. Hold their fears closely and their dreams tenderly. 10. When the chips are down, fight for them. noun farm· er ˈfär-mər Synonyms of farmer 1 : a person who pays a fixed sum for some privilege or source of income 2 : a person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish) 3 : yokel, bumpkin Synonyms agriculturist agriculturalist agronomist cultivator grower planter tiller See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus Farm Ownership Loans can be used to purchase or expand a farm or ranch. This loan can help with paying closing costs, constructing or improving buildings on the farm, or to help conserve and protect soil and water resources. USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA) offers up to $600,000 for eligible borrowers through Farm Ownership Loans.Synonyms for FARMER: cultivator, agriculturalist, harvester, grower, agriculturist, planter, agronomist, tiller; Antonyms of FARMER: nonfarmer Find a location near you. Advertisement produced on behalf of the following specific insurers and seeking to obtain business for insurance underwritten by Farmers Insurance Exchange, Fire Insurance Exchange, Truck Insurance Exchange, Mid-Century Insurance Company, Civic Property and Casualty Company, Exact Property and Casualty Company, Neighborhood Spirit Property and Casualty Company ...The most common farmer hard skill is beef cattle. 12.6% of farmers have this skill on their resume. The second most common hard skill for a farmer is farm work appearing on 7.8% of resumes. The third most common farmer skill is farm machinery on 6.3% of resumes. Three common farmer soft skills are analytical skills, mechanical skills and ...New farmers can be trained through apprenticeships or through other experienced farmers. The majority of farmers (56%) reported to the Farm Journal Pulse that they worked about 10-14 hours a day. Farmers spend most of their time outdoors doing labor intensive work, during all types of weather: rain, heat, humidity and cold.There was a farmer had a dog, and Bingo was his name-o. From these words alone (so, without appealing to different versions, translations, likelihoods of names, etc.), is there some way to decide whether the name Bingo applies to the farmer or the dog? I've actually met an Irish farmer (nick)named Bingo and a Kiwi dog named Bingo.Oct 19, 2021 · In fresh translations by classicist and farmer M. D. Usher, with the original texts on facing pages, Hesiod praises the dignity of labor; Plato describes the rustic simplicity of his ideal republic; Varro dedicates a farming manual to his wife, Fundania (“Mrs. Farmer”); and Vergil idealizes farmers as residents of the Golden Age. In other ... May 15, 2023 · A farmer who just produced his first 200-bushel corn crop, or who delivered his first 3-bale cotton crop to the gin, will tell you his harvest “could have been better, if we’d just had one more rain.”. Then he’ll try to divert your attention by adding, “I heard the neighbor down the road did even better.”. “Just down the road ... AMS encourages farmers, ranchers and other producers, consumers, and members of the livestock, meat, and poultry industries to report incidents of a) slow, insufficient, or non-payment for livestock, or poultry, b) potential antitrust practices, or c) unfair, deceptive, and fraudulent practices by packers, dealers, stockyards, market agencies ...The average age of a beginning farmer is 46.3, much younger than the average age of all farmers (57.5). Without a doubt, the art and science of producing food attracts people of all ages. If we look for younger farmers, we find 26% of beginning farmers are under the age of 35. The under 35 age group represents only 8% of all U.S. farmers overall.The steps below will be of great help to you. #Step 1. Decide the type of farming to engage in. The first step to take if you want to become a farmer in Canada is to decide the type of farming you want to practice. There are two types of farming: Crop farming and livestock farming. The Farm Service Agency offers loans to help farmers and ranchers get the financing they need to start, expand or maintain a family farm. Use the Loan Assistance Tool to check your eligibility for FSA Loans, discover FSA loan types, learn about FSA Loan requirements, and walk through the easy-to-understand instructions when completing the forms. But once you are satisfied, you are ready to move on. 4. Fire it Up. So now you are a man/woman with a plan. Your next step is to begin to build the necessary structures for farming and gather the needed equipment. Which means, if you are raising chickens, you’ll need to build a chicken coop. Do you know what a farmer does? In this video you will learn about the job of a farmer!FarmersOnly is a free dating site with over 18 years of experience matching and connecting with like-minded singles near you. You don't have to be a farmer to find your perfect match! In fresh translations by classicist and farmer M. D. Usher, with the original texts on facing pages, Hesiod praises the dignity of labor; Plato describes the rustic simplicity of his ideal republic; Varro dedicates a farming manual to his wife, Fundania (“Mrs. Farmer”); and Vergil idealizes farmers as residents of the Golden Age. In other ...Letters from a farmer in Pennsylvania, to the inhabitants of the British Colonies. Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania is a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the pseudonym "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout ...The Farm Service Agency offers loans to help farmers and ranchers get the financing they need to start, expand or maintain a family farm. Use the Loan Assistance Tool to check your eligibility for FSA Loans, discover FSA loan types, learn about FSA Loan requirements, and walk through the easy-to-understand instructions when completing the forms. Also known as aquaculture, these farmers raise a large number of fish in large tanks or fish ponds. The History of the Farmer. The act of farming dates back as far as the 12,000 years ago. By the bronze age, humankind relied heavily on the growing on crops and the process of irrigation. Jun 16, 2022 · 4. “A Farmer’s Prayer” by Unknown. This poem celebrates farming but gives all the honor and glory to God. This would be an appropriate choice to print in the funeral program of a Christian farmer. It concludes, “and thank you, Lord, for the precious gift — the blessings of this farm.”. 5. “God’s Garden” by Unknown. The Between the Lions episode "Farmer Ken's Puzzle" portrays it being made into a computer game with a cat, a hen, and a sack of seeds. Interactive chicken, fox and grain problem. In the Bull episode "Justice for Cable", Benny begins a riddle with "a man has a fox, a duck, and a bag of beans". Bull inexplicably declares "There is no answer ...Farmer definition, a person who farms; person who operates a farm or cultivates land. See more.The successful farmer still needs to have a love of the land, and practical experience, and plenty of courage and determination; but in addition he now needs a thorough grounding in the science of his calling. In the future this will be even more true.”. To be successful, a farmer must know a great deal about his land and the products he ...May 13, 2023 · The National Young Farmers Coalition provides information and resources geared specifically for beginning farmers. The Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, a branch of the USDA, has a project called Start2Farm that offers a vast amount of information on beginning a farm, finding funding, and locating services. What is a Farmer? A farmer is involved in the cultivation and management of crops and/or livestock for the purpose of producing food, fiber, or other agricultural products. This is often done on a commercial scale, with the goal of selling these products to consumers or other businesses. 21 hours ago · Farmer definition: A farmer is a person who owns or manages a farm. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Not every thought needs a voice. 7. Don’t run with a puking kid. 8. When they’re sick, take care of them the way they want to be taken care of, not the way you want to be taken care of. 9. Hold their fears closely and their dreams tenderly. 10. When the chips are down, fight for them.Also known as aquaculture, these farmers raise a large number of fish in large tanks or fish ponds. The History of the Farmer. The act of farming dates back as far as the 12,000 years ago. By the bronze age, humankind relied heavily on the growing on crops and the process of irrigation.What is a Farmer? A farmer is involved in the cultivation and management of crops and/or livestock for the purpose of producing food, fiber, or other agricultural products. This is often done on a commercial scale, with the goal of selling these products to consumers or other businesses. The average Farmer salary in the United States is $30,845 per year or $15 per hour. Farmer salaries range between $13,000 and $71,000 per year.So God Made a Farmer. " So God Made a Farmer " was a speech given by radio broadcaster Paul Harvey at the 1978 Future Farmers of America convention. The speech was first published in 1986 in Harvey's syndicated column. The speech borrowed a few phrases from a 1975 article written by Harvey in the Gadsden Times, which was itself inspired by ... May 15, 2023 · A farmer who just produced his first 200-bushel corn crop, or who delivered his first 3-bale cotton crop to the gin, will tell you his harvest “could have been better, if we’d just had one more rain.”. Then he’ll try to divert your attention by adding, “I heard the neighbor down the road did even better.”. “Just down the road ... So God Made a Farmer. " So God Made a Farmer " was a speech given by radio broadcaster Paul Harvey at the 1978 Future Farmers of America convention. The speech was first published in 1986 in Harvey's syndicated column. The speech borrowed a few phrases from a 1975 article written by Harvey in the Gadsden Times, which was itself inspired by ...Browse 410,055 authentic farmer stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional agriculture or farm stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project.The Farm Service Agency offers loans to help farmers and ranchers get the financing they need to start, expand or maintain a family farm. Use the Loan Assistance Tool to check your eligibility for FSA Loans, discover FSA loan types, learn about FSA Loan requirements, and walk through the easy-to-understand instructions when completing the forms. Also known as aquaculture, these farmers raise a large number of fish in large tanks or fish ponds. The History of the Farmer. The act of farming dates back as far as the 12,000 years ago. By the bronze age, humankind relied heavily on the growing on crops and the process of irrigation. New farmers can be trained through apprenticeships or through other experienced farmers. The majority of farmers (56%) reported to the Farm Journal Pulse that they worked about 10-14 hours a day. Farmers spend most of their time outdoors doing labor intensive work, during all types of weather: rain, heat, humidity and cold.The average Farmer salary in the United States is $30,845 per year or $15 per hour. Farmer salaries range between $13,000 and $71,000 per year.Jun 27, 2017 · However, the farmers I spoke with said that someone would need at least 500 owned acres and 1,000 leased acres to make a living. The quality of the land certainly affects those numbers. For this article, let's assume 150-plus corn bushel-per-acre land for about $7,500 an acre. The steps below will be of great help to you. #Step 1. Decide the type of farming to engage in. The first step to take if you want to become a farmer in Canada is to decide the type of farming you want to practice. There are two types of farming: Crop farming and livestock farming.The Between the Lions episode "Farmer Ken's Puzzle" portrays it being made into a computer game with a cat, a hen, and a sack of seeds. Interactive chicken, fox and grain problem. In the Bull episode "Justice for Cable", Benny begins a riddle with "a man has a fox, a duck, and a bag of beans". Bull inexplicably declares "There is no answer ... Do you know what a farmer does? In this video you will learn about the job of a farmer!A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. [2] The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising field crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry, or other livestock. A farmer might own the farm land or might work as a laborer on land owned by others.Also known as aquaculture, these farmers raise a large number of fish in large tanks or fish ponds. The History of the Farmer. The act of farming dates back as far as the 12,000 years ago. By the bronze age, humankind relied heavily on the growing on crops and the process of irrigation. The Parable about a Farmer - That day Jesus left the house and sat down beside the sea. Such large crowds gathered around him that he got into a boat and sat down, while the entire crowd stood on the shore. Then he began to tell them many things in parables. He said, “Listen! A farmer went out to sow. As he was sowing, some seeds fell along the path, and birds came and ate them up. Other ...Aug 29, 2021 · paragraph For Class 6,7,8,9,10,12. A farmer is one whose profession is agriculture. He is the most common figure in our country. Basically, he is the main force of the economy. He is called the father of food production. But they are devaluated. Without his role, our country cannot go ahead. The average Farmer salary in the United States is $30,845 per year or $15 per hour. Farmer salaries range between $13,000 and $71,000 per year.Jun 27, 2017 · However, the farmers I spoke with said that someone would need at least 500 owned acres and 1,000 leased acres to make a living. The quality of the land certainly affects those numbers. For this article, let's assume 150-plus corn bushel-per-acre land for about $7,500 an acre. A farmer is a person who works as an agriculturist and who produces a wide variety of food products for both human and animal consumption. Some farmers raise animals and those who grow crops. A farmer is also a person who loves nature and spends most of their time working on a farm or a ranch. Farmers love to work with animals and love to spend ... Make a one-time payment at farmers.com. Advertisement produced on behalf of the following specific insurers and seeking to obtain business for insurance underwritten by Farmers Insurance Exchange, Fire Insurance Exchange, Truck Insurance Exchange, Mid-Century Insurance Company, Farmers Insurance Company of Washington (Bellevue, WA) or affiliates.Farmer definition: A farmer is a person who owns or manages a farm. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesNow I'm a Farmer Lyrics: I've got a spade and a pick-axe / And a hundred miles square of land to churn about / My old horse is weary but sincerely / I believe that he can pull a plough / Well, I ...Jan 10, 2016 · God, Farmer, Paul Harvey. "So God Made a Farmer" was the name given to a speech given by the radio broadcaster Paul Harvey at a 1978 Future Farmers of America convention. The speech was first published in 1986 in Harvey's syndicated column. The speech borrowed a few phrases from a 1975 article written by Harvey in the Gadsden Times, which was ... New to farming? Want to learn how to start a farm? USDA offers dedicated help to beginning farmers and ranchers. USDA considers anyone who has operated a farm or ranch for less than ten years to be a beginning farmer or rancher. Dec 19, 2022 · Working as a farmer has many potential benefits, including: Ability to work outside: Farmers spend most of their workday outside. They often wake early to feed animals, inspect crops and perform other agricultural duties. Farming can be a great profession for people who enjoy being outside. Make a one-time payment at farmers.com. Advertisement produced on behalf of the following specific insurers and seeking to obtain business for insurance underwritten by Farmers Insurance Exchange, Fire Insurance Exchange, Truck Insurance Exchange, Mid-Century Insurance Company, Farmers Insurance Company of Washington (Bellevue, WA) or affiliates.The Between the Lions episode "Farmer Ken's Puzzle" portrays it being made into a computer game with a cat, a hen, and a sack of seeds. Interactive chicken, fox and grain problem. In the Bull episode "Justice for Cable", Benny begins a riddle with "a man has a fox, a duck, and a bag of beans". Bull inexplicably declares "There is no answer ...

Here are 12 reasons why you should become a farmer: Spend your days outside – Farmers live, work, and play on their farms, which are typically located in scenic countryside locations. Grow what you like – As a farmer you can farm what you like – organic grains, bananas, pigs. Find you passion and farm it. Work for yourself – Running a .... Rent for dollar500 a month near me

Specialties: Hearty, farm-to-table meals, warm decore, and friendly staff. Established in 1986. Friend of a Farmer opened its doors in 1986. Since than it has provided it's clientele with farm fresh ingredients, warm service, and a truly unique experience in the heart of, Gramercy Park.Farmer definition: A farmer is a person who owns or manages a farm. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples53 of The Most Precious Farmer Quotes. 1. “We have neglected the truth that a good farmer is a craftsman of the highest order, a kind of artist.”. – Wendell Berry. 2. “It is only the farmer who faithfully plants seeds in the Spring, who reaps a harvest in the Autumn.”. – B. C. Forbes. 3. “Agriculture not only gives riches to a ...Browse 410,055 authentic farmer stock photos, high-res images, and pictures, or explore additional agriculture or farm stock images to find the right photo at the right size and resolution for your project. Oct 19, 2021 · In fresh translations by classicist and farmer M. D. Usher, with the original texts on facing pages, Hesiod praises the dignity of labor; Plato describes the rustic simplicity of his ideal republic; Varro dedicates a farming manual to his wife, Fundania (“Mrs. Farmer”); and Vergil idealizes farmers as residents of the Golden Age. In other ... A farmer who just produced his first 200-bushel corn crop, or who delivered his first 3-bale cotton crop to the gin, will tell you his harvest “could have been better, if we’d just had one more rain.”. Then he’ll try to divert your attention by adding, “I heard the neighbor down the road did even better.”. “Just down the road ...Sep 28, 2014 · Paying Tribute to “Just a Farmer, Plain & Simple” – This one should make Mike Haley of Haley Farms smile big time as it was a post I put together almost two years ago when Mike shared stories about the kind of person his grandpa was. His grandpa’s passing was a time to reflect on how great the contributions of farmers plain & simple are. Dec 19, 2022 · Working as a farmer has many potential benefits, including: Ability to work outside: Farmers spend most of their workday outside. They often wake early to feed animals, inspect crops and perform other agricultural duties. Farming can be a great profession for people who enjoy being outside. Here are 12 reasons why you should become a farmer: Spend your days outside – Farmers live, work, and play on their farms, which are typically located in scenic countryside locations. Grow what you like – As a farmer you can farm what you like – organic grains, bananas, pigs. Find you passion and farm it. Work for yourself – Running a ...noun farm· er ˈfär-mər Synonyms of farmer 1 : a person who pays a fixed sum for some privilege or source of income 2 : a person who cultivates land or crops or raises animals (such as livestock or fish) 3 : yokel, bumpkin Synonyms agriculturist agriculturalist agronomist cultivator grower planter tiller See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus Yep, farmers. And the more I thought about it, the more I agreed with him. Here are five ways to approach your career as a farmer would: 1. Prepare the soil. A farmer would never try to grow crops ...Farmer definition, a person who farms; person who operates a farm or cultivates land. See more.The Parable about a Farmer - That day Jesus left the house and sat down beside the sea. Such large crowds gathered around him that he got into a boat and sat down, while the entire crowd stood on the shore. Then he began to tell them many things in parables. He said, “Listen! A farmer went out to sow. As he was sowing, some seeds fell along the path, and birds came and ate them up. Other ... In todays episode i show you what an average day on the farm looks like, the camera gets destroyed, cows get fed, and i have fish & chips for lunch, Enjoy!Pu....

Popular Topics